Data from 57 Countries Reveal Governments Aren’t Doing Enough to Protect Policy From Industry Influence
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BANGKOK and NEW YORK (November 17, 2020) – New research citing evidence collected by civil society groups in 57 countries reveals that, during 2019, the tobacco industry stepped up efforts to lobby governments through departments of finance, customs, and trade. This enabled the industry to further expand its influence during the COVID-19 crisis in 2020.
The Global Tobacco Industry Interference Index 2020, released by STOP, a global tobacco industry watchdog, outlines how governments were vulnerable to the industry gaining influence, while some acted to prevent it. Patterns emerged showing how:
- Corporate social responsibility initiatives created access to officials and a false perception of tobacco companies as responsible actors;
- Public officials were offered jobs in the tobacco industry and vice versa, creating potential conflicts of interest;
- Tobacco companies exploited a lack of transparency and coordination across government agencies to gain access.
Based on analysis of the 57 country reports, Ministries of Finance, Trade, Agriculture, Development and other non-health agencies were the most susceptible to influence, according to the Index’s lead author, Mary Assunta, a partner in STOP and Head of Global Research and Advocacy at the Global Centre for Good Governance in Tobacco Control (GGTC). By sidestepping health ministries, tobacco companies secured tax breaks and influenced policy decisions that helped them continue to sell products that kill more than 8 million people every year.
| Best Performing Governments |
Worst Performing Governments |
Most Improved Governments |
1. Brunei Darussalam
2. France
3. Uganda |
1. Japan
2. Indonesia
3. Zambia |
1. Pakistan
2. South Africa
3. Sri Lanka |
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the industry sought to secure a continuation and expansion of tax breaks and a relaxation of tobacco control policies, despite the increased need for governments to implement measures that protect health and advance economic recovery.
“The message to governments is: do not take the bait when it comes to industry offers. With tobacco, there are always strings attached and ultimately the cost is paid in human lives,” said Mary Assunta. “Governments can hold tobacco companies liable for the harm they cause instead, offering a win-win for the economy and health that is especially important during the coronavirus pandemic.”
No Government Is Immune to Industry Interference
While Big Tobacco aggressively targets low- and middle-income nations with larger populations and weaker regulations, the Index shows rich countries are also susceptible to industry interference. Japan, Indonesia and Zambia rank worst overall because of deep links between the government and industry. This year, Brunei Darussalam, France and Uganda ranked best, with the 2019 report’s best-ranked country, the United Kingdom, slipping to fourth place due to links between industry and current government ministers and industry participation in two government consultations during 2019.
The Index details dozens of instances where governments let their guard down and the tobacco industry took advantage:
- Tanzania and Zambia, the two worst performing countries in Africa, have delayed tobacco control legislation for years due to tobacco’s meddling.
- Industry lobbying undermined efforts to increase tobacco taxes in Bangladesh, Colombia and Germany.
- In Indonesia, Philip Morris International (PMI)’s local subsidiary, PT HM Sampoerna Tbk, signed an agreement with the government to conduct research on heated tobacco products (HTPs), which the company sells, and in Colombia the government allowed PMI to produce HTPs after the company threatened to withdraw tobacco production operations from the country.
- France, Germany and Japan have given preferential tax treatment to HTPs, taxing them at a lower rate than cigarettes, when there is no evidence these products are any safer than smoking.
- In Pakistan, British American Tobacco (BAT) donated US $35,450 to the Prime Minister for a dam fund, just one month before the government budget announcement.
- At the request of the governor of a tobacco-growing region, a senator in Mexico attended a BAT event where he spoke in favor of the industry.
- In Nigeria, the tobacco industry sits in the standards organization that determines the standards of tobacco products.
Actions Governments Can Take to Identify and Prevent Tobacco Industry Interference
- Avoid conflicts of interest.
- Adopt measures to protect public officials from industry influence.
- Prevent tobacco industry participation in policy.
- Avoid unnecessary interactions with the tobacco industry and ensure transparency of meetings that do occur.
- De-normalize the industry’s so-called corporate social responsibility activities and implement transparency measures: make the industry disclose its marketing, lobbying and philanthropic activities.
- Stop benefits and incentives for the tobacco industry.
The Industry Is Exploiting COVID-19
The report notes a disturbing trend: the tobacco industry found ways throughout 2019 to aggressively market novel tobacco products, which are addictive and harmful, as a solution to the tobacco epidemic the industry itself created. It has continued this strategy in 2020, using relatively inexpensive donations to promote itself as a partner to governments fighting the COVID-19 pandemic. Such gestures mask the enormous burden tobacco use places on people’s health as well as health systems worldwide and provides a platform to curry favor for future policy changes. Examples include:
- Bangladesh, where BAT Bangladesh provided personal protection equipment (PPE) to public hospitals. The Ministry of Industries wrote to various agencies asking them to cooperate with BAT and Japan Tobacco International (JTI) during the COVID-19 shutdown.
- In Costa Rica, PMI donated artificial respirators to hospitals. The company launched its IQOS product in the country this year.
- Kenya, where BAT Kenya contributed 300,000 liters of sanitizer to government agencies. Tobacco was listed as an “essential product” during the pandemic.
- The Philippines, where Philip Morris Fortune Tobacco Corporation donated medical equipment. Throughout the past year, policymakers have been deliberating on legalizing HTPs.
- In Indonesia, PMI’s local subsidiary, PT HM Sampoerna Tbk, used donations of sanitizer, PPE and other goods as opportunities for marketing and media coverage. The company also requested policy changes, including asking the local government of Bali to roll back restrictions on outdoor tobacco advertising.
Please contact the STOP press office for more information or to speak to a STOP spokesperson.
About the Global Tobacco Industry Interference Index
The Index uses publicly available information to score government efforts to protect policy from tobacco industry influence, in line with Article 5.3 of a global treaty, the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC). Data are based on scores provided by civil society organizations in participating countries.
About STOP (Stopping Tobacco Organizations and Products)
STOP is a global tobacco industry watchdog whose mission is to expose the tobacco industry strategies and tactics that undermine public health. STOP is funded by Bloomberg Philanthropies and comprised of a partnership between The Tobacco Control Research Group at the University of Bath, The Global Center for Good Governance in Tobacco Control (GGTC), the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union) and Vital Strategies. For more information, visit exposetobacco.org.
